
Congenital heart disease is defined as a heart problem that occurs as the baby's heart is developing during pregnancy, before the baby is born. In fact, congenital heart defects are the most common birth defects. The incidence accounts approximately for 0.8 – 1% of newborns. It is commonly found in female children, rather than male ones with the ratio 3:1.

Heart failure is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the cardiac muscle is weakened and can no longer meet the demands of the other organs in the body. Heart failure is a serious condition, and there is usually no cure. However, with the right treatment, the patient can still lead an enjoyable, meaningful, and productive life.

The aorta is the largest blood vessel in the human body. It originates from the left ventricle of the heart and extends down to the abdomen, where it splits into two smaller arteries. Several arteries extend from the aorta to deliver blood to various regions of the body.

The human heart is made up of muscles which are responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. In a single day the heart averages a 100,000 beats and pumps approximately 8,000 liters of blood.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common types of heart disease worldwide.

The most common irregular heartbeats is caused by a conditon known as atrial filbrillation. This is when the heart’s upper chambers (the atria) beat chaotically. Patients with this condition are 10 – 15% at risk of stroke annually, as the irregular heartbeats can cause blood clots to form in the heart.

Current researches have indicated that the most common health-related problems in women do not only include cervical cancer and breast cancer, but cardiovascular disease.

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic that has spread across the globe, a link has been discovered between a disease with symptoms similar to Kawasaki's and COVID-19, which has resulted in the death of children due to complications.

As a highly contagious and potent disease, COVID-19 can cause a wide range of symptoms and disease severity, extending from mild to fatal, affecting different organs in the body.

As the COVID-19 pandemic has been defined global health crisis, it has become the greatest challenge we have recently encountered worldwide.

Aside from respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 can also cause chest discomfort, shortness of breath and breathing difficulties which appear to be similar to clinical manifestations of certain types of heart disease. Regardless of the cause, these life-threatening symptoms urge an immediate medical attention and prompt treatment.

An aortic aneurysm is a bulging or dilation in the wall of the aorta which is a major blood vessel that carries blood from heart to body.