
Pinguecula and pterygium are the common degenerations of the conjunctiva. A pinguecula is characterized by a yellowish raised growth on the conjunctiva typically at the nasal or temporal conjunctiva near the edge of cornea. Pterygium is the triangular shape of vascularized conjunctival tissue on the cornea and it invades the cornea (known as fibrovascular invasion of the cornea). Pterygium may start as a pinguecula that can remain small or grow large enough to cover some parts of the cornea. The body of a pterygium usually appears red with noticeable blood vessels. Redness depends on the growth of abnormal blood vessels. If it is left untreated, pterygium sometimes advances towards the center of the eye, affecting vision. They are not tumor. Generally, pinguecula and pterygium form in the corner of the eye near the nose. However, they may develop in the temporal of the eye and often both eyes are involved.

Vascular access problems can usually develop in patients who need frequent administration of intravenous fluids or drugs and blood transfusion.


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