
An anal fistula is defined as an infected tunnel that develops between the skin and the muscular opening at the end of the anus.

According to the International Travel Health Guide 2019 online edition, the probabilities of acquiring certain diseases or having an accident while traveling, depend largely on where you travel and what you are doing while traveling. At the very least, a life-threatening illness, injury, or accident requiring a medevac can happen anywhere and at any time.


Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) refers to a condition when the venous wall and/or valves in the lower extremities do not work properly, making it more difficult for blood to return to the heart from the legs. CVI is caused by damaged or weakened valves and vein wall due to aging and prolonged sitting or standing as well as reduced mobility. As a result, blood can flow backwards and pool or collect in these veins, leading to swelling in the lower legs and ankles.

Pinguecula and pterygium are the common degenerations of the conjunctiva. A pinguecula is characterized by a yellowish raised growth on the conjunctiva typically at the nasal or temporal conjunctiva near the edge of cornea. Pterygium is the triangular shape of vascularized conjunctival tissue on the cornea and it invades the cornea (known as fibrovascular invasion of the cornea). Pterygium may start as a pinguecula that can remain small or grow large enough to cover some parts of the cornea. The body of a pterygium usually appears red with noticeable blood vessels. Redness depends on the growth of abnormal blood vessels. If it is left untreated, pterygium sometimes advances towards the center of the eye, affecting vision. They are not tumor. Generally, pinguecula and pterygium form in the corner of the eye near the nose. However, they may develop in the temporal of the eye and often both eyes are involved.

Vascular access problems can usually develop in patients who need frequent administration of intravenous fluids or drugs and blood transfusion.

When a joint pain or joint tenderness exhibits, it might be solely mistaken for arthritis –a common condition that causes pain and inflammation in the joints. In fact, if swollen or tender joints are present with scaly skin patches, psoriatic arthritis might be indicated.

5 Things to Know Before Receiving COVID-19 VACCINE

Fever (within 48 hours), mild headache, muscle pain or body ache

Feeling too stressed? Take a break and practice MINDFULNESS to strengthen your awareness, ready to face various situations that may arise during the COVID-19 crisis with Khun Ratchat Thanomkitti, a developmental psychologist from Jit Raksa Center, Bangkok Hospital.

Work from home has become a reality for a large number of people across the world due to the tremendous effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although avoiding the commute is a crucial tool in preventing COVID-19 amidst the crisis, the sedentary lifestyles during working from home or even a long travel journey pose significant risks on health and wellbeing, especially when it comes to venous problems.

Many people are worried about whether they might be infected, are waiting for a hospital bed, or are already hospitalized and feeling stressed.