Detailed Service Information
Diabetic Retinopathy
A condition in which chronic high blood sugar damages retinal blood vessels, leading to bleeding, swelling, or abnormal vessel growth. If left untreated, it can cause permanent vision loss.
Services provided:
- Screening and monitoring with OCT and fundus photography
- Fluorescein angiography (FFA) for detecting vascular leakage or occlusion
- Retinal laser photocoagulation
- Intravitreal Anti-VEGF / steroid injections
- Vitrectomy for advanced stages with vitreous hemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment
Goal: To stabilize the disease, prevent recurrent bleeding, and preserve vision for as long as possible.
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Degeneration of the macula — the central part of the retina responsible for sharp vision — commonly found in older adults, resulting in blurred or distorted central vision.
Services provided:
- Diagnosis with OCT / OCT Angiography for detailed retinal layer analysis
- FFA / ICG Angiography for evaluating wet AMD
- Anti-VEGF injections (Ranibizumab – Lucentis®, Aflibercept – Eylea®, Faricimab – Vabysmo®) to inhibit abnormal vessel growth
- Personalized follow-up programs for disease monitoring
Goal: To slow disease progression, prevent central vision loss, and maintain long-term visual function.
Retinal Tear and Retinal Detachment
Retinal tears or detachment occur when the retina separates from the underlying tissue due to vitreous degeneration or traction. Without prompt treatment, it can result in permanent vision loss.
Services provided:
- Comprehensive examination with dilated fundus evaluation and widefield retinal imaging
- OCT and B-scan ultrasound for cases with obscured visualization due to hemorrhage
- Laser retinopexy around retinal tears to prevent progression to detachment
- Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for retinal detachment repair using internationally standardized vitrectomy systems
- 360° laser retinopexy to reinforce retinal attachment and prevent recurrence
- Postoperative monitoring with OCT and fundus imaging
Goal: To detect and treat retinal tears before detachment occurs, achieve full retinal reattachment after surgery, and reduce recurrence risk while preserving vision.
Retinal Vein/Artery Occlusion
Blockage of retinal vessels causes sudden bleeding and swelling within the retina.
Services provided:
- OCT and FFA to assess severity and type of occlusion
- Intravitreal Anti-VEGF injections to control macular edema and disease activity
- Laser photocoagulation to prevent neovascular complications
- Vitrectomy in cases of severe vitreous hemorrhage
- Coordination with internists to control systemic risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension
Goal: To reduce macular edema, restore visual function, and prevent neovascular complications.
Endophthalmitis, Infectious and Inflammatory Retinal Diseases
Includes conditions such as retinitis, endophthalmitis, or infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites that affect the retina and vitreous.
Services provided:
- Diagnosis using OCT, FFA, and specific blood tests
- Intravitreal antibiotic/antiviral injections
- Diagnostic or therapeutic vitrectomy in cases of severe inflammation or vitreous opacity
- Co-management with infectious disease or immunology specialists
- Long-term follow-up to prevent fibrosis and permanent retinal damage
Goal: To control inflammation or infection, preserve retinal tissue integrity, and prevent permanent vision loss.
Vitreous Degeneration and Related Visual Problems
Vitreous degeneration often presents as floaters or flashes and may be associated with retinal tears or detachment in certain cases.
Services provided:
- Examination with indirect ophthalmoscopy and widefield retinal imaging
- Monitoring with OCT and fundus imaging to differentiate from macular traction or epiretinal membrane
- Vitrectomy for dense vitreous opacities that interfere with vision
- Patient education on symptom awareness and follow-up guidelines
Goal: To maintain visual clarity, prevent retinal detachment, and ensure early detection of new retinal changes.
Treatment Modalities
Intravitreal Injection
The mainstay therapy for retinal vascular diseases such as wet AMD, diabetic macular edema, and retinal vein occlusion.
Medications available:
| Category | Generic Name | Trade Name |
|---|---|---|
| Anti-VEGF (1st generation) | Bevacizumab | Avastin® |
| Anti-VEGF (2nd generation) | Ranibizumab | Lucentis® |
| Anti-VEGF (3rd generation) | Aflibercept | Eylea® |
| Dual-pathway Anti-VEGF | Faricimab | Vabysmo® |
| Steroid Implant | Dexamethasone Implant | Ozurdex® |
| Intravitreal Steroid | Triamcinolone Acetonide | Kenacort® / Triesence® |
All injections are performed in a clean room/minor operating theatre, by retina specialists, followed by OCT-based evaluation at each visit to assess treatment response.
Retinal Laser Photocoagulation
Laser treatment helps control retinal vascular leakage or prevent retinal detachment.
Services provided:
- Focal/Grid Laser: for diabetic macular edema
- Panretinal Photocoagulation (PRP): for proliferative diabetic retinopathy
- Retinal Tear Laser (Barrier Laser Retinopexy): to seal retinal tears
- 360° Laser Retinopexy: to reinforce retinal adhesion after surgery or in high-risk cases
Vitrectomy and Retinal Surgery
Complex microsurgery for retinal diseases performed by retina specialists using international-standard vitrectomy systems (e.g., Stellaris Elite®).
Procedures include:
- Retinal detachment repair
- Vitreous hemorrhage removal
- Tractional retinal detachment release
- Macular hole and epiretinal membrane surgery
- Diagnostic or therapeutic vitrectomy for endophthalmitis
- Combined cataract and vitrectomy procedures
All surgeries are performed in a sterile operating theatre with air filtration and retinal microscopes meeting international standards.
Retinal Screening & Monitoring
For patients at risk — including those with diabetes, hypertension, or advanced age — regular screening is essential to detect retinal diseases at early stages.
Services include:
- Diabetic retinopathy screening
- AMD screening
- OCT and fundus photography
- Longitudinal OCT comparison for disease progression
- Specialist interpretation and management recommendations
Post-Treatment and Follow-Up Program
Post-treatment monitoring ensures recovery and prevents recurrence.
Follow-up approach:
- Scheduled visits (1 week, 1 month, 3 months depending on case)
- Detailed retinal examination and OCT evaluation after each injection
- Post-surgical guidance (e.g., face-down positioning after gas injection)
- Coordination with internists for systemic disease management
- Tele-follow-up service for upcountry or international patients residing in Thailand