Cervical Cancer
There is sufficient evidence that screening of women between the ages of 21 and 65 years for cervical cancer precursors every 3-5 years reduces the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer.
According to The American Cancer Society, all women who have been vaccinated against HPV should still follow the screening recommendations for their age groups similar to those women who have not been vaccinated.
Reference: Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer
American Cancer Society 2015
Lung Cancer
The American Cancer Society suggests that heavy smokers (at least a 30 pack-year history*) and are either still smoking or have quit smoking within the past 15 years should be tested for lung cancer especially with an annual low-dose CT scan of the chest.
*A pack-year is the number of cigarette pack smoked each day multiplied by the number of years a person has smoked.
Reference: Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer
American Cancer Society 2015
Prostate Cancer
The American Cancer Society recommends men, starting at age 45 years old who have a father or brother who had prostate cancer before age 65, should consult with physician to get a PSA blood test (with or without rectal exam).
Reference: Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer
American Cancer Society 2015
Liver Cancer
Overwhelming lines of epidemiological evidence have indicated that persistent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HVC) is a major risk for the development of liver cancer. Thus hepatitis B profile (HBsAg, Anti-HBs and Anti-HBc) and hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) are theoretically used for basic screening and closed monitoring of liver cancer.
Colon and Rectal Cancer
Following the recommendations made by The American Cancer Society and National Cancer Institute, starting at age 50, both men and women should get a colon and rectal cancer screening by either sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy at least 5-10 years.
Reference: Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer
American Cancer Society 2015 and National Cancer Institute 2015
Ovarian Cancer
Recently, CA 12-5 and HE4 are widely used as tumor markers for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Approximately 80-85% of women with ovarian cancer have raised these tumor markers compared with women who do not have ovarian cancer.
Reference: Cancer Research UK, Assessing Ovarian Cancer Risk with the ROMA Algorithm (2014)
