Diarrhea is loose or watery stool during a bowel movement more than 3 times per day. Patients may also experience other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, stomachache, headache, fatigue, etc.
There are 2 main types of diarrhea:
- Acute diarrhea is usually caused by bacterial, viral or parasitic infection. Symptoms of acute diarrhea are usually severe and resolves within 1-2 weeks.
- Chronic diarrhea is usually caused by a chronic infection such as tuberculosis, fungal infection or ulcerative Colitis. Symptoms of chronic diarrhea are often severe and medications or surgery may be required.
Treatment Guidelines
Treatment for diarrhea depends on its cause:
- Acute diarrhea: Symptomatic treatment is usually used in treatment of acute diarrhea with an emphasis on replenishing fluid and mineral lost. Common symptomatic treatment methods used include use of electrolyte water, antidiarrhoeals and antiemetics or antibiotics in case of bacterial infection.
- Chronic diarrhea: Treatment for chronic diarrhea symptoms depend on its cause. Common treatment methods used include use of antibiotics in case of bacterial infection, antivirals in case of viral infection, etc.
Self-Care for Patients with Diarrhea
In addition to treatment as directed by their doctor, patients with diarrhea should adopt the following personal care measures:
- Drink enough fluids to compensate for fluid loss from loose stools
- Consume soft, easy-to-digest food such as soup and rice porridge; avoid food high in fiber such as vegetables and fruits
- Get enough rest.
- Wash your hands frequently, especially before eating and after using the bathroom.
If you have symptoms of severe diarrhea such as very loose stools, dehydration, high fever, severe stomachache, you should see a doctor immediately to receive the right treatment.
