Allergies are conditions that arise from abnormal immune system responses to harmless foreign substances like
These reactions can cause symptoms like runny nose, sneezing, stuffy nose, itchy nose, watery eyes, rash, etc.
Treatment Guidelines
Treatment for allergies depends on its type and severity:
- Avoiding allergens: The best way to treat allergies is to avoid allergens. Patients should avoid contact with known allergens. For example, if you are allergic to dust, you should keep your windows closed and stay away from dusty areas. If you are allergic to dust mites, you should regularly clean your home using a vacuum with a HEPA filter. When it comes to food allergies, you should avoid eating foods you are sensitive to.
- Medication: Depending on its type and severity, the medicines used in treatment of allergies are as follows:
- Antihistamines to reduce itching, sneezing and runny nose
- Nasal corticosteroid sprays to reduce nasal congestion and runny nose
- Antihistamine nasal sprays to reduce itching, sneezing and runny nose
- Antihistamine eye drops to reduce itching and watery eyes
- Second-generation antihistamines to reduce itching, sneezing and runny nose which are less likely to cause drowsiness
- Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and swelling. It is often used in patients with severe symptoms.
- Allergy shot: Allergy shot is an immunotherapy involving gradual administration of increasing doses of allergen to induce immune response to allergen. This method is suitable for patients with severe allergic reaction or and in cases where medications are ineffective.
Self-Care for Patients with Allergies
In addition to receiving treatment as directed by their doctor, patients with allergies should adopt the following personal care measures:
- Get enough rest
- Exercise regularly
- Consume a well-balanced diet rich in nutrients; avoiding spicy food and sugary food
- Drink enough water
- Wash your hands frequently, especially before eating and after using the bathroom.
If you have severe symptoms, such as difficulty breathing, oppression in the chest, swollen neck, swollen eyelids, or swollen mouth, you should see a doctor immediately to receive the right treatment.
