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Pertussis is a contagious respiratory infection characterized by inflammation of the respiratory mucosa. It leads to a distinctive pattern of coughing—rapid, consecutive coughs occurring 5–10 times or more per episode, often causing shortness of breath. The condition can affect individuals of all ages, but infants and young children are particularly vulnerable to severe complications, which may be life-threatening.
Cause of the Disease
• Pertussis is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis), which is typically cultured in Bordet-Gengou agar—a medium that requires special conditions for bacterial growth. The pathogen is commonly found in the nasopharynx during the initial 1–2 weeks of infection, prior to the onset of the characteristic paroxysmal cough.
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Infant Immunization: Pertussis vaccination is included as part of the combined DTP vaccine, which also protects against diphtheria and tetanus. Some formulations may include additional protection against hepatitis B, injectable poliovirus, or Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), depending on the brand.
• Maternal Immunization: Pregnant women are routinely offered tetanus vaccines; it is recommended that they receive the combined Tdap vaccine (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis) during 27–36 weeks of gestation to provide passive immunity to the newborn.
• Adult Immunization: Adults living in households with young children are encouraged to receive the Tdap vaccine to prevent the transmission of pertussis to infants, who are at greater risk of severe illness.
- If a chronic cough persists for more than two weeks, individuals should wear a face mask to reduce the risk of transmission and seek medical evaluation promptly, as such symptoms may indicate pertussis infection.
