What is GERD?
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a common digestive disorder where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. This backward flow can irritate the lining of the esophagus and cause symptoms such as heartburn, chest tightness, acid regurgitation, or chronic sore throat.
Common Causes of GERD
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Consuming large meals or foods high in fat
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Lying down immediately after eating
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Drinking coffee, alcohol, or smoking
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Stress and inadequate rest
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Increased abdominal pressure from obesity or pregnancy
Common Symptoms
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Burning sensation or discomfort in the chest and upper abdomen
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Sour or bitter taste in the mouth (acid regurgitation)
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Sore throat, hoarseness, or chronic cough
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Feeling of a lump in the throat or difficulty swallowing
Diagnosis
Doctors usually begin with a clinical evaluation based on a patient’s symptoms and medical history. Additional diagnostic procedures may include:
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Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
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Esophageal pH monitoring (to assess acid levels)
Treatment and Prevention Approaches
1. Lifestyle and Behavioral Modifications
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Avoid trigger foods such as fatty or fried dishes, chocolate, and coffee
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Refrain from lying down immediately after meals; wait at least 2–3 hours
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Elevate the head of the bed slightly when sleeping
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Avoid wearing tight-fitting clothing that increases abdominal pressure
2. Medication
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Antacids to neutralize stomach acid
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Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce acid production
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Prokinetic agents to improve esophageal motility
3. Surgery
In cases where medication proves ineffective, surgical intervention—such as fundoplication to reinforce the lower esophageal sphincter—may be considered.
