Lung Cancer: What You Need to Know

What Is Lung Cancer?

Lung cancer is caused by the abnormal growth of cells in the lungs, which can spread to other organs. It is classified into two main types:

• Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) — the most common type, grows more slowly
• Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) — more common in smokers and spreads rapidly

Causes

• Smoking and secondhand smoke exposure
• Contact with hazardous substances such as asbestos
• Air pollution
• Genetics and family history
• Chronic lung diseases such as tuberculosis or emphysema

Symptoms

• Chronic cough or coughing up blood
• Difficulty breathing or hoarseness
• Unexplained weight loss
• Persistent chest pain
• Fatigue and weakness

Diagnosis

• Chest X-ray
• CT scan
• Lung biopsy
• Blood tests for tumor markers

Treatment

• Surgical removal of the tumor
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Targeted drug therapy

Prevention

• CT scan screening for high-risk individuals
• Avoid smoking and quit if you currently smoke
• Avoid exposure to carcinogens
• Exercise regularly and maintain a healthy diet

Lung cancer is a serious but preventable disease. Avoiding risk factors, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and scheduling regular check-ups can help detect and treat it at an early stage.