Update the latest diabetes treatment with Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which are antidiabetic drugs that act as glucose transporters. They transport glucose filtered through the glomerulus back into the blood circulation in the body, serving as oral blood sugar-lowering pills.
Mechanism of action:
The drugs work by increasing glucose excretion through urine, leading to a reduction in blood sugar levels without involving insulin secretion. The advantage is that the risk of hypoglycemia is very low. Additionally, they help reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular disease, promote weight loss, and slow down kidney deterioration due to diabetes.
Currently, the SGLT2 Inhibitors available in Thailand include oral tablets such as Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, and Empagliflozin. There are also combination drugs mixed with other medications, like Metformin, which reduce the number of pills needed each day.
Side effects or precautions:
Common side effects include urinary tract infections, which can be prevented by maintaining proper hygiene. This drug group should not be used in patients with impaired kidney function. Doctors will assess appropriateness before and during treatment. It’s essential to drink an adequate amount of water during medication intake, take the medication as prescribed by the doctor, and attend follow-up appointments to monitor the medication’s effects and side effects. Hypoglycemia (link to low blood sugar article) may present symptoms like hunger, palpitations, sweating, or fainting.
Best wishes from the pharmacy department
Pharmacist Donporn Thapang
Bangkok Hospital Chiang Mai
Tel. 052 089 888 or Call Center 1719
References
- Anthony D., Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for the treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. [Internet]. 2021 [Cite 2023 JUL 29].
- The Diabetes Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, The Endocrine Society of Thailand, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health and National Health Security Office of Thailand. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes 2017. 3rd Edition. Pathum Thani: Romyen Media Co., Ltd; 2017.
