According to the International Diabetes Federation, currently, more than 199 million women are living with diabetes and this number is expected to rise to 313 million by the year 2040. Additionally, diabetes is the 9th leading cause of death among women worldwide. Therefore, on World Diabetes Day, which falls on November 14th every year, we want everyone to be aware of the severity and understand diabetes before it’s too late.
With lifestyle changes and an abundance of sweet-tasting menu options easily available such as bingsu, ice cream, sweet beverages, cakes, and many more, these contribute to daily sugar intake exceeding the body’s needs, leading to the risk of developing diabetes, especially in women.
Understanding Diabetes
Diabetes occurs when the body’s cells malfunction in the process of converting blood sugar into energy. The body does not produce enough insulin, a hormone created by the pancreas and responsible for transferring blood sugar to the tissues throughout the body, together with insulin resistance, rendering it ineffective in utilizing insulin efficiently. This results in abnormally high blood sugar levels, leading to diabetes, which can affect individuals of all ages. If not promptly treated or undiagnosed, it could lead to severe complications and even death.
Dr. Ratnaporn Sommitrarak, an endocrinologist and metabolism specialist at Bangkok Hospital, added, “If fasting blood sugar levels are greater than or equal to 126 milligrams per deciliter, and the average accumulated blood sugar level is more than 6.4%, the person is considered diabetic. It’s a troublesome disease because once contracted, it affects in the long term, including severe life-threatening risks if not properly controlled and treated, such as blindness, chronic kidney failure, limb loss, coronary artery blockage, paralysis, etc. Hence, the quicker the diagnosis and treatment, the better the control and prevention of diabetes complications.”
Symptoms of Diabetes
The symptoms of diabetes that can be observed and should prompt a consultation with a physician include:
- Frequent urination
- Unexplained weight loss
- Frequent thirst and increased appetite
- Numbness in hands and feet, fatigue
- Nausea, dizziness, irritability
- Blurry vision, lack of concentration
Types and Treatment of Diabetes
Diabetes can be classified into 4 types, including:
1) Type 1 Diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce insulin, causing high blood sugar levels. It is commonly found in children or those under the age of 30 years. Treatment involves insulin injections, dietary changes, and physical exercise.
2) Type 2 Diabetes is prevalent among Thais. It arises when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, leading to insulin resistance. As age increases, the efficiency of the pancreas decreases. Treatment includes medication, insulin injections, and lifestyle modifications.
Moreover, obesity is common in Thailand. “Most obese individuals tend to have Type 2 Diabetes due to insulin resistance because when there is a high volume of fat, insulin does not function as well in transporting blood sugar to the tissues. Weight control according to standards can help reduce the risk of diabetes.”
3) Gestational Diabetes occurs due to hormonal changes during pregnancy, causing insulin resistance and potentially higher blood sugar levels. Pregnant women aged 25 and above, or those with risk factors such as a family history of diabetes, high pre-pregnancy weight, multiple gestations, or difficulty conceiving, should undergo thorough testing, especially in the second and third trimesters. Treatment focuses on medication with minimal side effects and close dietary monitoring.
4) Other Specific Types of Diabetes can result from genetic disorders, hormonal imbalances, certain medications like steroids, or chemicals. Treatment is based on individual symptoms.
Preventing Diabetes Before It Starts
Preventative measures for those not yet diagnosed with diabetes include:
- Avoid sweets, sodas, and all types of sugary drinks
- Eat in proper proportions, choosing foods that meet the body’s needs
- Exercise at least 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week
- Prefer bland tastes, especially during family meals
- Maintain a stable weight according to appropriate standards
Managing Diabetes Once Diagnosed
For those diagnosed with diabetes, the following are recommended:
- Accept the diagnosis and seek treatment from a specialist
- Cooperate in the treatment, take prescribed medication, and strictly follow doctor’s orders
- Modify behavior, control diet, and regularly exercise
- Avoid sugary drinks, sweet fruits, reduce fats and salty foods, consume more vegetables
- Closely monitor blood sugar levels, control high blood pressure and cholesterol
Dr. Ratnaporn Sommitrarak, an endocrinologist and metabolism specialist at Bangkok Hospital, emphasizes the importance of prevention, “Diabetes is a common issue. Even those without a genetic predisposition can develop it, so it’s essential to take care of oneself, avoid sweets, as they offer very little benefit. Avoiding them is better for health. Especially for modern women who can choose between consuming sweets or exercising, being cautious from today can help reduce the long-term risk of developing diabetes.”
